8. Effective area in vapor phase and liquid phase

As far as dyeing in liquid phase (fabric is completely immersed) is concerned, the effective area varies depending on the kind and form of fabric and the method of loading, and the degree of equalization and extension varies with“widening” and “fluctuation” of the fabric in the dyebath.

The variation factor and absolute value of the effective area become smaller by lower LR. In this case, level dyeing can be achieved by controlling the ratio of area exchange by adjusting the number of fabric circulation as aforementioned.

On the other hand, as far as dyeing in vapor phase (fabric exposed over the surface of the dye liquor) is concerned, the dye liquor contained in the fabric in the vapor phase should be regarded as the effective area.

The wet pick up of woven or knitted fabric is generally 100～300% at normal temperature, but it will be 100～200％ at high temperature dyeing conditions due to the reduction of viscosity. Then it will be reasonable that the effective area is 1～2 times the fabric weight.